Puttering in the Study

The Room Where It Happened : A White House Memoir - John R. Bolton

John Bolton is one of the few voices from the Trump administration whose account I was interested in reading because, he didn't deal with the issues arising out of the administration that generated – appropriately in many cases – more emotional reactions.  He only addresses the administration's work through the Justice Department in passing, and on immigration, race relations and COVID almost not at all. He mentions Republican politics, but only on occasion  Instead, he focuses only on his work in the White House as national security advisor from 2017 to 2019, a field where he had prior experience working for multiple previous Republican presidents.

I didn't expect to agree with all Bolton's views on foreign policy – the reason I got his book was to get an account by someone with prior White House experience but no political axes to grind one way or the other on Donald Trump's decision-making process.  And the account is a horrific one.  Trump's ignorance – by which I mean simply lacking knowledge - his unwillingness to pay attention to the information he was given, and his obsession with himself and his personal interests and how he was seen - was every bit as bad as I had feared.

The thing about international affairs which is different from the more heavily reported domestic political stories is that Trump was surrounded by aides such as Bolton, Pompeo, Haspel, and multiple defense secretaries and chairs of the Joint Chiefs who were experienced and competent.  They did not always agree, and some were pursuing personal political strategies (hardly unusual) but with almost no exceptions all were pursuing what they thought to be policies that were in the best interests of the United States – and they were constantly managing their unpredictable president so that what they understood to be his overall wishes on a certain issue were carried out, despite the way he sabotaged his own policies on an almost daily basis.  Bolton is something of an outlier here, though, because he clearly came into the administration with an agenda, and spent his entire term working to persuade Trump to support it, and using all his bureaucratic expertise to slow-roll Trump where he didn't, knowing that in a few days – sometimes only a few hours – Trump would decide he agreed with him. 

Characteristically, he reserves his particular dislike for others who were trying to put their own agendas in place - Mattis, Haley, Mnuchin, Pompeo - although they were doing precisely the same thing he was - using Trump to advance their own personal or political agendas.  Mattis deserves a brief mention here because Bolton clearly disliked him for the additional, unforgivable sin that not only did he disagree with him on policy - he was better at slowing the machinery of decisionmaking down when he didn't like what the decision was than Bolton was at keeping it moving.  I also get the feeling that Bolton felt that Mattis was damaging Trump politically with conservatives which Bolton didn't want because he wanted Trump able to enlist their support for what Bolton wanted done.   

Here, your personal political opinion of Bolton's policy goals in terms of foreign policy is almost irrelevant, because depending on whether you consider him the agent of good or bad policies, Trump damaged both on a virtually equal basis.  If you oppose his policies, you owe Trump a debt of gratitude for inadvertently blocking them, but if you support them, then you have to be frustrated at how badly Trump damaged the U.S.'s progress towards those goals. Because he did both. 

The bottom line you will take away from reading the book is how absolutely, utterly, lacking Trump was in basic competence to carry out a strategy, even when a sound one, consistent with his wishes, was provided to him by advisers and staff who had the ability to formulate it and carry it out.  And, in one of Bolton's lowest moments, how easily Trump was spooked from carrying out a previously agreed missile strike in retaliation against an Iraqi strike - one that he had previously excoriated as "not strong enough."  As soon as an unnamed mid or low-level staffer charged into the Oval Office with a completely unsupported estimate of casualties on the part of the Iraqis - an estimate not given to Defense or State or the NSA - to anyone to vet and consider (what Bolton would call a "process foul") - and told Trump it would look bad on TV, he called off the strike without even telling his advisers, and then tweeted that he's planned a strike but called it off, saying that if a strike hit an American, there would be hell to pay.  That tweet inadvertently made it clear that U.S. installations and hardware could henceforth be targeted with impunity.  The retaliation he had asked for, and all his advisers had agreed was appropriate, was gone.  

The process fould could likely be extended to Jared Kushner's involvement in foreign policy, but there is almost no mention of him here.  I suspect he was heavily involved at various points, but that Bolton is unwilling to make clear that he was often not "the" adviser on national security.  But I haven't read deeply here, so it's possible that the old pro Bolton had in fact sidelined Kushner more than I am speculating.  He is remarkably unwilling to name enemies in the book (other than newspapers, of course) which I have to assume is another old pro's trick.  This is not a book about his infighting with other advisers (other than Mnuchin, who comes across as a clueless dilettante in foreign policy).

One of the book's shortcomings is Bolton's writing style.  This is dry stuff, to be sure, but Bolton spends a lot of time with his tongue firmly in his cheek, and because the reader doesn't know the subject as well as he does, while you can tell he is being ironic, you cannot tell whether the irony is because X is red or because X shouldn't be red.  It is like watching someone laugh at something they think is funny, but you don't know why they're laughing.  It isn't a major point, but it does make the book more opaque than it should be in places. 

It is a valuable book for the historical record because Bolton is a national security professional with extensive experience working with presidents.  His policy interests are debatable, as is his unwillingness to speak out more fully about Trump when he could have - he was and likely still is interested in a spot as Secretary of State down the road, and as a non-politician, he has to have someone else's wagon to hitch himself to.  Which is why I take his negative observations about Trump seriously - they are against his personal interests in getting another hitch in the next Republican administration.  But his observations are very helpful to the reader wanting to understand what Trump was like as president but who can't stomach the domestic side of the coin.  This book is just about incompetence.  It's not about corruption, white nationalism, or subverting the Constitution.

From Hot War to Cold: The U.S. Navy and National Security Affairs, 1945-1955 - Jeffrey G. Barlow

The U.S. Navy's transition from World War II into a nuclear postwar in the new U.S. defense establishment is the subject of this lengthy treatise.  Actually the treatise itself is not quite so lengthy because 304 of the 710 pages in this book are references, including index, bibliography and an insane amount of endnote material.  But given the quantum of information that I'm sure exists on even this narrow slice of a subject, it is still probably only touching on the high points of the story of what happened in the Navy in the first Iten years after the end of World War II.

The principal story to be told is the Navy's role as the national defense establishment nosedived in terms of appropriations following demobilization after the war, then skyrocketed again during the conflict in Korea beginning in 1950, and then swung back and forth over the next five years as first the Truman and then the Eisenhower administration's attempted to settle on appropriate level of military funding in a peacetime that it was increasingly clear was not all that different from wartime in terms of national responsibilities.  The knife fight between the Navy and the new Department of the Air Force - mostly over whose aircraft got to carry the nuclear weapons - is covered, as are the various departmental leadership struggles as the Navy found its way under the new Defense Department establishment where it was no longer a Cabinet-level department under a three-plus term President who had been an avid naval supporter since his days as Assistant Secretary of the navy in 1913-1919. Truman, unlike FDR, was no fan of the Navy, and it was one of his Secretaries of Defense that canceled the Navy's new supercarrier United States with no notice to the admirals, sparking the well documented "revolt of the admirals."

All in all, while clumsily written in places, it is a useful reference to understand what was going on during certain periods of time, and a good starting point for research to dive deeper into individual issues within its scope.

Warship Builders: An Industrial History of U.S. Naval Shipbuilding 1922–1945 (Studies in Naval History and Sea Power) – Thomas Heinrich

This book tells the story of the development of the naval shipbuilding industry in the United States after World War I that built the fleet that won World War II.  It also explains how naval shipbuilding is different than maritime shipbuilding.  Merchant ships, in contrast to naval ships, are built to lower standards, and have far less technically complex systems.  unlike warships, they don't have to continue to operate after being the target of substantial amounts of explosives, nor do they have to carry defensive measures such as armor or radar, or offense of measures such as guns or airplanes.  As a result, they lend themselves to assembly-line type construction.  Naval ships, on the other hand require significantly more expertise, and importantly for the story, expertise that takes years or even decades to build up.  As a result, it was critical to the ability to build a large fleet in World War II that the United States preserved its naval shipyards during peacetime, either by providing them with work in the form of continuing naval construction, or by funding major capital construction programs in order to keep a critical mass of civilian yards in business.

The book also spends a great deal of time explaining the difference between a private shipyard and a government-owned Navy yard, and explains the important role played in certain types of construction by Navy yards, which had expertise that private shipyards were not able to reproduce.

While some of the minutiae of yard management was not the most interesting subject in the world, it was overall an interesting book and illuminated the important relationship between the Navy and the shipyards the contracted construction of its warships to.

2020 Modeling Review - Six Essexes

2020 was definitely a themed year.  When the year started I had two Essex class carrier projects underway, and at the end of the year - still two underway.

IntrepidCorrected – Revell’s Classic 1/720 Essex Class Carrier (Corrected)

For many modelers of World War II ships, Revell’s 1/720 scale model of the USS Intrepid (CV – 11) was an early favorite. It was cheap (two dollars, compared to four dollars for a Tamiya Akagi), easy to build, and gave you a big rectangular flight deck with a dozen aircraft for living room carpet war games. I built my first in 1973-74, and many more since then.

The kit was originally released in 1967 as the USS Franklin (CV–13), and was re-released as the USS Essex (CV-9) the next year. In 1972 it was rereleased as Intrepid (CV-11). It was the only class of wartime aircraft carrier available in plastic modeling in or near the 1/700 scale until the advent of the water line Japanese manufacturers in the 1970s. While the flight deck is basically accurate, the hull shape is significantly undersized, and the island suffers from numerous inaccuracies. The kit was greatly surpassed in accuracy by the Hasegawa Essex and Hancock kits in1974, and over 20 years later by a far more accurate series of Essex class carriers by Trumpeter and Dragon.

As a result of these later kits, the Revell Intrepid is not a logical candidate for building as anything other than a toy, as one of these later kits could be accurized far more easily. In fact, it would be significantly simpler to build an Essex class carrier in this scale from scratch than it would be to accurize or kitbash this kit into one.

Nonetheless, the kit is a sentimental favorite of mine, and I recently began contemplating building a “corrected”version of the kit which would have the major errors in shape and detail corrected in a way that is visible. I chose to do this by making all the corrections in white plastic and putty, and leaving the model unpainted so that the revisions are clear. Again, the intent was not to detail or accurize the kit – the kit’s armament and other details remain the same – but instead only to correct the kit’s inaccuracies using the same level and type of construction of the original model. In other words, I focused on making changes that could have been included in the original kit when it was released.

Date of Model

I chose to model the Intrepid as it appeared at the Battle of Leyte Gulf in October, 1944. I did this for two reasons.

First, the kit lacks a 40 mm quad mount on the front of the island, has multiple 40 mm mounts elsewhere, and the box art and kit painting instructions show a dazzle camouflage pattern. This does not match the Intrepid’s appearance as built in 1943, but does match its appearance after a March-June 1944 refit following its torpedoing off Truk in February 1944. Intrepid returned to service with the fast carriers of Task Force 38 in August 1944, so Leyte Gulf two months later was a logical time. This also meant that I could use the extensive detailed (and scaled) plans of the Intrepid in its June 1944 configuration in John Roberts’ The aircraft carrier Intrepid Anatomy of the Ship book, reduced to 1/720 scale.

Hull

The biggest change to the kit was obviously going to be deepening the hull significantly. I prepared a profile with the accurate dimensions, which gave me precise calculations for how much additional hull material was going to be needed. I used as my starting point the existing kit’s main (hangar) deck, and determined that additional height had to be added in the underwater section of the hull, immediately above the water line, and at the top of the hull just below the flight deck.

Underwater Hull

I decided to replicate the kit’s two-part hull, so that I could separate the underwater portion from the rest of the ship in case I ever wanted to paint it and add it to my collection of 1/700 waterline Essex- class models. This meant that the first piece of construction was going to be a separate underwater hull.

I started by drawing up a set of hull sections to be attached to a central “keel” for the underwater section of the ship. This would then be glued to the existing kit’s underwater hull. I quickly realized that this would mean cutting away most of the underwater hull, since the Revell kit is terribly inaccurate in this department. Like its Yorktown class forebears, the Essex class has a streamlined hull fore and aft that is completely unlike the North Carolina class battleships whose underwater hull the Revell kit more closely resembles. In the end, all I ended up keeping of the kit’s underwater hull was the underside, which ended up being the approximate shape and thickness of the ship’s double bottom, as well as the sides of the hull amidships. Once the cut-down hull was attached to the keel with hull sections, the rest of the hull was filled in using strip plastic and white Tamiya putty.

I then cut two waterline plates, one to serve as the top of the underwater hull, and the other to serve as the bottom of the above water hull. After carefully aligning them, I cut holes in both for a series of dowels to align the two parts of the hull when finished. I finished off the underwater hall by scratch building a rudder, propeller shafts (to which the kit propellers were attached) and bilge keels.

Upper Hull

The above-water portion of the hull was built the same way as the underwater hull, with hull sections attached to a longitudinal member glued to the upper water line piece. The approximately quarter-inch section of strip plastic that marked most of the missing depth of the hull above the waterline then served as the guide for how much of the kit’s above-water hull would need to be cut away, which was a significant portion below the hangar deck aft, and the entire forecastle forward. Once the kit’s hull sides were securely in place, I added a full hangar deck.

If the insufficient depth of the hull is the worst flaw in the kit, the shaping of the forecastle is the second. As a result, the hull was completely reframed forward of the #1 elevator, and topped with a new much broader forecastle deck. Again, the hull was filled out with sheet plastic and putty to the correct shape. The kit’s original anchors were cut off the kit’s hull pieces and then sanded down as much as possible before being glued back on.

Even with the substantial addition below the kit hull, the hull was still slightly too short from the hangar to the flight deck, so another section of sheet plastic was installed between the hull sides and the flight deck raising it to the required level. Interestingly, the hangar openings in the hull were almost completely accurate – so while I had to raise the height of the openings, I didn’t have to move them, as I had to do when kitbashing the Hasegawa Essex and Hancock kits. I couldn’t help adding some roller doors in a partially lowered position – which I justified because the way the hull pieces are molded, it would have been easy to include this level of detail.

Hull detailing was deliberately limited, since I did not want to turn this into an accurizing project, but I included the level of detail that was consistent with the molding of the kit’s era, including some hull piping which had been lost in all the sanding, as well as supports for the deck-edge elevator. The stern was completely missing the necessary structures, so I included them, built simply enough that they could have been included as part of the kit parts.

Last, the 5 inch gun platforms forward and aft on the port side in the kit completely lacked the necessary sponsons, so I built those up with sheet plastic and putty.

Flight Deck

The kit’s flight deck has always been a favorite of mine so I decided early on not to modify it, other than rebuilding the deck edge elevator. The elevator on the kit is not correctly shaped, but more importantly is not the right size, so I cut it out and installed a correctly sized elevator at the hangar deck level. After the bow was lengthened by including a correctly shaped forecastle, and the stern was reduced by eliminating the sponson for two 40 mm quad mounts, which the Intrepid didn’t have until later in the war, I had to trim off a portion of the flight deck aft, and add a section forward. The kit’s flight deck is slightly wide for scale, but not enough that it demanded change, so I left it alone.

When I checked the gallery deck antiaircraft gun mounts against plans of the ship for the relevant time period, they were surprisingly close to correct. Because the kit’s 20 mm mounts are oversized, the gun tubs, while generally the correct size, only hold about two thirds the number of weapons they should, but I thought that was close enough to leave as is. The only place where I modified the shape of an existing gun tub was the aft starboard side, where I substantially increased it in order to get to the same two-thirds ratio that the other tub show. I particularly like the Frankenstein’s monster appearance it gives the model!

On the starboard side forward, the Intrepid didn’t have the forward 20 mm mount gun tub that some other ships of the class had, so I snipped that gun tub out and replaced it with strip plastic, and added another section a little further back on the starboard side gallery deck. Intrepid did have three small gun tubs near the stern that aren’t shown on the kit, so I scratchbuilt those and filled them with matching mounts from another kit. The spares box also provided two more lattice masts aft. The last change to the gallery deck mounts was replacing 5 inch 38 caliber guns in two tubs on the port side aft with 40 mm quads – why they didn’t have them in the first place is a mystery.

Island

The general shape of the island was, surprisingly, pretty close, but there was some reshaping necessary. Most notably, the kit’s island has a rounded shape at the front, which is incorrect, so I squared that off using putty and plastic.

One of the most prominent errors in the kit’s island is the inclusion of an open tube at the front of the flag bridge. It isn’t intended to be an AA mount, but instead I think is intended to represent the gun director that sits on a stalk just in front of and below the flag bridge. I cut it off and installed it on the necessary stalk. I then modified the island platforms to match the Roberts plans, which included both trimming existing platforms, which remain in their original gray, and installing new platforms, including a completely new flag and navigation bridge.

The “hat brim” stack cap on the Revell Intrepid is one of its most characteristic features – and does bear some resemblance to the famous photo of the Franklin afire, but it is still completely wrong. I replaced part of it with sheet plastic cut and carefully sanded to match the actual stack cap, but topped with the original stack covers from the kit trimmed and thinned. The Mark 37 gun directors were a little tall, so I cut the radars off and shortened their attachments, and spent some time sanding off the mold marks. I also added strips of plastic to the 5 inch 38 caliber twin turrets to improve their appearance.

The kit island’s worst error is that the tripod mast was molded backwards so that instead of the back legs leaning towards the front, the front leg leans towards the back. I could not correct the kit part, so I scratchbuilt a new tripod mast from rod plastic, and put the kit’s mast head platform on top of that. The pole mast on top of the platform is actually the kit mast chopped up. The kit mast is so overscale that I was able to cut it and use the parts for the Intrepid’s configuration in the fall of 1944. The yardarms and new mainmast are stretched sprue, but could have been included with the kit in 1967. The SK and SC radars are sheet plastic, and the SC is mounted on a bracket salvaged from the kit’s stack cap.

Influence of the USS Franklin (CV-13)

As noted above, this kit was originally released as the Franklin, and numerous details in the kit match the Franklin far better than the Intrepid.

First and foremost, the kit mast is actually fairly accurate for the Franklin. After being damaged in Japanese attacks twice in October 1944, Franklin went through a refit that resulted in several changes that match the Revell kit. First of all, the topmast was still a single pole as shown in the kit, not a stepped one as in the Intrepid. There are also indications that the kit designers had access to the bomb damage drawings of the Franklin, as they show a longitudinally aligned topmast that may have been the source for the kit’s – which way the actual ship’s was aligned is not completely clear in photos. The unique dog-eared deck edge elevator in the kit is also a close match for the kit. And unlike the Intrepid, Franklin did have twin 40 mm quad mounts at the stern, thanks to a late 1944 refit.

The Franklin may have contributed one other detail to the Revell kit. In that late 1944 refit, the 40 mm quad mounts on her port side gallery deck were all lowered to the same level as the 5 inch .38 caliber mounts, likely for stability reasons. Previously they had been at a slightly higher level, and many other Essex kits show them this way. Only the Revell kit has all of the portside mounts at the same level – even if it inexplicably has two of them with 5 inch guns instead of 40 mm quads.

The Franklin may be noteworthy for one other reason – many of the images of the burning Franklin taken after the attack on March 19, 1945 show her listing heavily to starboard, presenting a profile that is very similar to the shallow–profile Revell model.

Conclusion

All in all, this is the model that I always wanted the Revell Intrepid to be. The only question is whether it’ll stay gray and white to show the modifications, will get that hand painted tan flight deck and dark gray patches on the hull that I remember so fondly from almost half a century ago, or will get an accurate camouflage scheme. I still haven’t made up my mind about that one.

The build album is at https://www.scalemates.com/profiles/mate.php?id=48557&p=albums&album=56282 .

 

USS Essex (CVS-9) – Revell 1/530 Resurrection Build

 

It took three days short of a year for my resurrection build of a 1980 Revell 1/530 Essex-clas angled deck carrier done.

The model started out as a Bon Homme Richard (CV-31) that I built in 1980, the last of nine models of this kit. Five were given to me already built in 1975 or so and the other four I built from 1977 to 1980 (the photo shows four of the original five, plus the first that I built). On the last day of 1981 all nine went into two boxes and spent the next fifteen years in my mother’s attic while I was at college. I retrieved them in 1994, and took them to my first house on South Washington, and ten years later to the model workshop at our current home on Harris Lake Road.

I took BHR out June 30 of 2019 and decided to try to accurize it using the aftermarket parts that are now available – but mostly to correct the starboard side by lining the kit hangar deck up with the hull. That would mean adding four scale feet of hull outboard, but I figured hey, how hard could that be?

A year later, the answer is – very hard. I worked on the model continuously till November, then didn’t touch it until we started sheltering at home in March of last year.

I was able to get 1996 plans for the lead ship of the class, USS Essex (CV-9) from The Floating Drydock, and decided to model Essex near the end of her career in October 1968 when she recovered the first Apollo mission, Apollo 7. The photoetch is by GMM, the decals and resin hangar are by Starfighter, the island by Model Monkey, and anchors, guns, boats, aircraft and deck equipment by various other vendors on Shapeways. Model Monkey and other vendors were very accommodating resizing their 1/350 scale products to 1/530 for use with the Revell kit. The Apollo capsule is scratchbuilt.

I usually build ship models waterline, but made an exception here since this was a build of a sentimental favorite. But near the end I saw another modeler built a seascape on one side of a full-hull build and decided to try to replicate it using a removable “wrap” for more of a diorama effect. A side benefit was that the uneven gloss finish reflected light back up on the hull, approximating real water.

The build album is at https://www.scalemates.com/profiles/mate.php?id=48557&p=albums&album=58702 .

 

USS Oriskany (CV-34) 1950 (1/700)

The USS Oriskany (CV-34) was the 24th and last Essex-class aircraft carrier to be commissioned. Construction on her was stopped in 1946 and she was completed in the fall of 1950 to a new design, SCB-27A, which better accommodated the newer and heavier jet aircraft that were coming into service. Numerous other carriers of the class were modernized to SCB-27A (and SCB-27C) standards, and all but one of those later received the hurricane bows and angled flight decks of the SCB-125 program.

I wanted to model a SCB-27A ship as part of my research into the program so I could see what the physical changes made to the class were. I chose Oriskany because she was the first, and her “as commissioned” appearance included a suite of sixteen 20mm twin mounts that didn’t last long. By 1952 many of the mounts had been removed, and within a couple of years they were all gone. In addition, the SCB-27A ships originally had a simpler pole mast arrangement without the prominent “X” structure at the top that would become a feature by the mid-1950s.

My model started with Dragon’s 1/700 Princeton (CVS-37), a mid-1950’s unmodernized Essex. The first step was adding the 6′ wide blister to both sides of the hull, as well as an escalator and island from Model Monkey (I also used their 3″ gub tubs, port crane sponson, lift raft baskets and Mk 56 gun directors). The bow was reworked to add the secondary conn, and all the gallery deck catwalks were removed and replaced with thinner sheet plastic after the gallery deck itself was thickened up. All flight deck structures (gun mounts) were removed, and new sponsons for the 3″ twin mounts built from sheet plastic and putty. Although photos sometime described these as the tubs for the earlier 40mm quads, they are actually significantly larger.

I also added the bracket on the hull for the ship’s pole mast. Carriers using the Brooklyn Navy Yard (where Oriskany was built) had a bracket on their hull to hold their masts so they could pass under the East River bridges.

Late in construction I added the removable underwater hull after I added the partial blister to it. Unlike the later conversions, Oriskany’s blister was more of a belt and went only partway down the side of the hull underwater, which I thought was worth modeling.

The aircraft are Dragon’s early jets from the Bon Homme Richard (CV-31) kit, which also donated the twin 20mm mounts. The 3″ twin mounts are from an old Skywave/Pit-Road USN parts parts set, along with the corresponding pieces from two CVL kits.

Build album is at https://www.scalemates.com/profiles/mate.php?id=48557&p=albums&album=61373#56

 

USS Bon Homme Richard (CV-31/CVA-31) Double Build

I purchased the Dragon CV-31 kit for the early jets aircraft, and the 20mm twins were a nice surprise. I initially thought that kitbashing the kit into its Vietnamese-era appearance would be a good project, since it was everything the Essex and Oriskany were not - an SCB-27C and not only that, one of the ships (along with Lexington and Shangri-La) that received their SCB-125 modernization at the same time, so it would have a completely different hurricane bow shape.

But the kit was a very good one of the ship in its 1951 appearance off Korea, and it would be a shame to destroy practically everything in it to build it to a different period, so I decided to backdate the Dragon kit to its initial wartime appearance in July of 1945, and bring down the old Hasegawa Essex kit that’s been in my stash 25 years and use that hull for the 1968 version. 

By the end of the year, the 1945 version was nearly finished, just needing some finish work on the aircraft, island and 20mm mounts.  The 1968 version was similarly almost done, with nearly everything other than the island and the air group finished.

The build album is at https://www.scalemates.com/profiles/mate.php?id=48557&p=albums&album=62759 .

 

Shadowplay - Joseph O'Connor

I will read almost any fiction that involves Bram Stoker, on the off chance that it adds an interesting twist to the genesis of Dracula.  As I have said many times, it just fascinates me how a dull, repressed Irishman managing a theater came up with such a masterpiece of horror.  Because he tried over, and over, and over, and could not come anywhere close again.

Of course Stoker was actually an interesting tale himself, even though had he not written the book about the vampire, he would've been merely a minor member of the cast of a book about Sir Henry Irving, the actor whose theater he managed.  Shadowplay focuses on Stoker's relationship with Irving and actress Ellen Terry, and throughout the book we see bits and pieces that later ended up in Dracula.  But the book is really about the relationship between the three, and is more of a word picture than a coherent novel, complete with plot.

I say word picture because close to the beginning, the chapter that began with Irving and Stoker in a train annoying each other without even having to speak was one of the best pieces of writing I have ever read.  I actually bought the audiobook as soon as I finished the scene just so I could hear someone read it out loud – it was that good.  Unfortunately, the pandemic prevented me from being in the car enough to listen to the rest of the book, so ended up reading almost the whole thing.

It's very close whether I would recommend the book as a piece of fiction as opposed to recommending it simply because the writing is so creative and beautifully done.  Probably closer to the latter.  But, again the scene in the train is just beyond my ability to describe it.  It's magnificent. 

Every Tool's a Hammer: Life Is What You Make It - Adam Savage

Grayson recommended this book to me because he thought I might be interested in Adam Savage of MythBusters' recommendations on boosting and accommodating your creativity.

The book is a magnificent recitation of Savage's career as a "maker," including a stint making models for Industrial Light and Magic for the movie industry, which was probably my dream job through high school as well.  His advice on how to be a better maker, especially towards the end of the book, began giving intensely productive tips on how to manage your workshop, including the benefits of cleaning up after yourself at the end of each day so that you can start from a blank slate at the next session. There are other chapters analyzing subjects such as workshop organization and illustrating all the different types of a tool, all of which have an application they are best suited for.  He provides examples of this for objects as straightforward as glue and scissors, which really makes you stop and think about the characteristics of the tools you use, and whether there might really be a need to have different variants of a commonly used tool.

All in all, a great book, especially for kids or young people trying to figure out how to be better at maximizing their creativity and being productive with it.

The Fisherman's Tomb: The True Story of the Vatican's Secret Search - John O'Neill

I had this book recommended to me during a recent St. Thomas More Society meeting as a good recent book about the Scavi excavations for Peter's tomb under St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.  It was a good addition to what I already had, and told more of the story of how the excavation was funded and the internal politics surrounding both the excavations and how what came out of them was treated.  It's a very, very interesting subject.

Essex bow: short hull/long hull/hurricane bow construction notes

I am researching how the bows of the Essex class carriers changed from their entry into the fleet in 1943 through their long history, and have come across some recent pictures during their modernization periods that may provide a better understanding of how the updating was done.

Short Hull / Long Hull

As originally configured, the Essex class aircraft carriers had a rounded bow as shown at far left above.  During construction, most of the later units of the class had the bow reshaped into a "clipper bow" which was flared forward and to the side to accommodate the second 40 mm quadruple mount antiaircraft gun as shown in the drawings in my 1997 book Essex Class Carriers in action.  The photo of the Shangri La (CV-38) at left is one of the few that seems to show a bit of a jog in the main deck, and a change in the hull plating where the bow lines were reshaped.

SCB-27A/C

During the initial round of postwar modernization, six of the "short-hull" units were brought up to SCB-27A or -27C standards, and in each case their bows were altered to the "long hull" form. 

After doing some research, I think how that was accomplished is a little clearer.  These two photos shown the Essex (CV-9) beginning her modernization in April 1949.  Oddly, the sides of her flight deck forward have been removed, which doesn't seem to make sense, since the flight deck remained after the conversion. 
 

But I was looking at similar photos of the Lexington's modernization at Puget Sound five years later and the pieces fell into place.  

These two photos, taken in April and June of 1954 show a short-hull Essex being reshaped into a "long-hull" prior to also receiving a hurricane bow, since Lexington went straight from her World War II confirguration into a SCB-125 one.  In other words, she missed the middle stage of the top photo, and went straight to the third photo. 

In the first photo, "No. 1 and No. 2 sections of new bow" are in the foreground.  The structure behind is the third "bent" supporting the flight deck - everything forward of it has been removed, and the entire bow forward of about the first bent has been sliced off and a new section of bow with the clipper lines is being prepared for attaching. 

For purposes of illustration, the attached photo of the Oriskany model shows the three "bents" on a long-hull ship.

Here's the interesting part.  The next photo, taken two months later, shows the new hull section (with a hawsehole, I note) attached and notes "installation of two of the three flight deck sections removed earlier in the conversion.  And now we see bents # 1 and 2 reattached to bent #3 and to the forecastle - essentially the section remaining on Essex in the photos above.  And this is when I noticed that the pictures of the Essex showed a railing being placed separating the forward section of the flight and gallery decks - it was because they were about to be removed.

But this shows how far back into the hull and superstructure they went in the "short-hull" ships to reshape the bow lines in the SCB-27A/C modernizations, and for the two "short-hull" ships that did their -27C and -125 at the same time, Lexington and Bon Homme Richard.

In case you're interested, the hurricane bow itself was delivered on a truck and mounted on the ship by crane.

SCB-125

Did the bows have to be cut back this far in the SCB-125 conversions that added hurricane bows? No.

As the attached photo of Ticonderoga shows, while the technique was similar, the section of bow that had to be cut back was far smaller, and didn't require removal of any of the flight deck supports. This photo of Shangri La shows only half removed, and then during the bow rebuild.

But why was any removed at all?  I had assumed that the clipper bows were just faired up into the new hurricane bows.  

The "clipper bows" caused excessive slamming in service, with the Ticonderoga buckling her main deck during a passage around Cape Horn, causing major damage.  This reinforced the need for hurricane bows, but also resulted in the existing bows being reshaped slightly to offer less resistance to the waves in heavy seas. 

As this comparison of the Oriskany's forecastle after her SCB-125 modernization to a long hull forecastle kit part shows, the corners of the bow were rounded somewhat, which made the final hurricane bows less likely to cause unwanted slamming.

USS Bon Homme Richard (CV-31) Double Build

My next project will be a "double build" of kits as the USS Bon Homme Richard (CV-31), one of the last of the Essex class carriers to make it into combat in the Pacific before the end of World War II in 1945. 

One kit will represent the ship in its initial configuration in the summer of 1945, shown at left refueling with the battleship Missouri.  For this I'm using the state of the art Dragon kit of CV-31 at it appeared a few years later when reactivated for the Korean War in 1951-52.  

The second will represent the Bonnie Dick in 1968 as an attack carrier off the coast of Vietnam after her SCB 27C / SCB 125 modernization. For this version I am using an old Hasegawa kit that I bought at least 26 years ago intending to accurize it as an October 1944 Yorktown (CV-10) as I had done with two other similar kits the previous two years.  It's long since been surpassed by the new Trumpeter and Dragon kits, but it'll do fine as the starting point for an angled deck postwar Essex.  None of the detail is accurate, but all will be covered or replaced anyway.

I chose the BHR because I needed the Dragon kit for parts to finish Oriskany.  BHR has the "early jets" aircraft, and after getting it I discovered it also has the twin 20mm mounts that CV-34 carried (briefly). I was going to just build it as the 1968 version, but that would be a waste of a really good kit.  So I decided to backdate the kit to the carrier's World War II appearance (I always wanted a Measure 12/Measure 22 two-tone Essex anyway) and use the old Hasegawa kit from my stash as the base for the angled deck version.  

The 1968 version will combine the research and skills I've learned on the SCB-125 Essex and the SCB-27A Oriskany - but every ship is different.  BHR was one of the three ships that got both the 27 and 125 modernization in one yard period - and as a 27C ship she has a completely different bow flight deck and hull from the Essex, which I'm looking forward to modeling.  Plus, I've never scratchbuilt a hurricane bow, especially for a ship that went from a "short hull" to SCB-125 in one fell swoop.  (The other was Lexington (CV-16) but I already have a 1/700 CV-16, and I'm trying not to unnecessarily duplicate ships.  This project is the exception).

I try to focus on a specific feature in each build, and on BHR it'll be the forward elevator.  BHR was one of the few ships that had the forward elevator elongated by extending the forward edge - either to accommodate larger aircraft or the tugs that pulled them.  I've built #2 and #3 elevators up and down before - but never #1, and certainly never a pentagonal shape. So that'll be something new to look forward to. 

I'll build both kits' #1 elevators down so the change in configuration is apparent.  The Dragon kit already has a fairly accurate elevator well (as you can see in the picture below), but the Hasegawa doesn't even have a hangar deck, so everything - including the flight deck opening - will be scratchbuilt.

The Dragon kit could be built far faster since other than thickening the gallery deck - which kit makers always model too thin - and redoing the catwalks it's an almost OOB build - but I'm hoping to keep both at about the same level both so I can use the Dragon kit as a guide for the extensive scratchbuilding that'll be needed on the Hasegawa, and show the differences that were made in the later version of the ship.

Also, the Dragon will be painted throughout the process, but I'm hoping to keep the Hasegawa largely unpainted (at least the exterior) to show the work as it's being done. 

Study Ceiling: Winston Churchill

The world history stack was filling up, so it did a friendly takeover of the adjacent shelves (medieval history and reading/libraries) and moved British and French history onto that two – shelf stack.  Of course that got me thinking about who to put in the roundel above.

I had thought about Winston Churchill for the military history stack a couple of years ago, but after reading Nigel Hamilton's FDR at War series it became clear that although he was on the right side of history, his military management skills were abysmal, and he actively attempted to sabotage Roosevelt's D-Day invasion plans, then rewrote the relevant history in his memoirs.  Oh, and he actively resisted giving Britain's colonies the self-government rights we were ostensibly fighting the war for.  So I went with George C Marshall. 

But if you're just talking about the leading figure in the history of Britain and France, it becomes a much easier choice.  While, as I said, Churchill's military skills and instincts were atrocious, in the summer of 1940 he was the sole figure in the British government that was willing to resist Hitler, and had the political skills to bring his country around to his way of thinking.  I just finished Eric Larson's The Splendid and the Vile, and it reminded me again of Churchill's gifts.

So Winnie is up there between the pope and a Byzantine emperor - which he would no doubt find completely appropriate.  The boys are trying to get me to put the French knight from Monty Python and the Holy Grail on the parapet over him as I did with the Beatles, and I'm still mulling it over.